Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in North America (MMIW)

Across North America, a quiet but devastating crisis continues to unfold—one that has left thousands of Indigenous families searching for answers, justice, and healing. Known as Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW), the issue refers to the alarming and disproportionate rates of violence, disappearances, and killings of Indigenous women, girls, and Two-Spirit people in the United States and Canada.

For generations, Indigenous women have faced violence at rates far higher than any other group. In some regions, they are up to ten times more likely to be murdered or sexually assaulted than non-Indigenous women. Behind each statistic is a name, a family, and a community forever changed by loss.

The roots of the crisis run deep. Advocates point to the long shadow of colonialism, systemic racism, poverty, and historical trauma that continue to shape Indigenous lives. Compounding the problem are jurisdictional gaps between tribal, federal, state, and provincial authorities—often resulting in delayed investigations, poor data collection, or cases that are never fully pursued. Many families say their loved ones’ disappearances were ignored or dismissed by law enforcement, reinforcing generations of mistrust.

In response, a powerful grassroots movement has emerged. Indigenous activists and allies have taken to the streets, organized marches, and amplified voices through social media. One of the most striking symbols of the movement is the red handprint, often painted over the mouth, representing the silencing of Indigenous women and the bloodshed they endure. Red dresses, empty yet haunting, are also displayed to symbolize those who are missing and unable to speak for themselves.

Governments have begun to respond, though many say progress has been slow. In Canada, the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (2016–2019) collected testimonies from survivors and families, ultimately issuing calls for sweeping systemic change. In the United States, legislation such as the Not Invisible Act and Savanna’s Act aims to improve data sharing, law enforcement coordination, and accountability—but advocates stress that laws alone are not enough without real enforcement and resources.

The impact of the MMIW crisis extends far beyond individual cases. It threatens the safety, stability, and cultural survival of First Nations, Métis, Inuit, and Native American communities. Families are left grieving without closure, communities live with ongoing fear, and traditions rooted in respect for women are undermined by systemic neglect.

For many, the movement is about more than awareness—it is a demand for justice, protection, and recognition. Until Indigenous women can live without fear, activists say, the red handprint will remain a powerful reminder that their voices must no longer be ignored.